
Between the recent mass shooting at the Church of the Annunciation by a trans activist, Iryna Zarutska’s callous murder at the hands of a black thug on the bus, and Charlie Kirk’s assassination, violence is now on everyone’s mind. What’s more, this mindfulness is in no way abstract. Any congregation could have been a target by those who hate God for creating us male and female. Any of us could experience the consequences of American diversity. And when we see leftists cheering and/or excusing the murder of a relative moderate like Kirk, we know they think our own murders would be justified the same way.
When the stakes for ourselves and our families have been raised in this manner, it’s only natural that our thoughts would turn to self-defense. Does “turning the other cheek” mean that a Christian cannot defend himself, his family, or his nation? Unfortunately, Christians are beset by a new breed of Anabaptists who are determined to raise doubts in our minds over protecting the people God has entrusted to us.
Die At the Wicked’s Request
The contempt the Lutheran Confessions expresses for Anabaptists has not prevented this new version from rising among Lutherans as well. For example, Concordia Seminary professor Joel Biermann has recently been getting attention for binding Christian consciences against self-defense. I’ve previously written about how his essay in LCACA denies that lethal self-defense is a moral option for a Christian, but it doesn’t stop there. At the 2025 Michigan District Convention, he actually condemned a church at which a deacon violently defended the congregation from a gunman who attacked mid-service. He backhandedly accused them of giving a poor witness to Christ and elevating their lives above faithfulness by protecting one-another from being murdered.
And Biermann is not alone in this. A pastor recently alerted me to a deaconess’s report that another CSL professor told a teenage girl at a National Youth Gathering that it would be morally wrong of her to defend herself from a rapist. One wonders how many of our youth had their faith stolen from them that day. Not content to merely deceive one of these little ones, he went on to use this as an instructive example in his class at seminary. At this time, he also explained to future pastors and deaconesses that if a husband found that his wife was being raped, he was morally bound to let the man finish instead of saving her. That husband should “hope in the Resurrection” instead. While this man was eventually forced to resign, it was not over his wicked teaching which went unaddressed publicly, but apparently over an extramarital affair.
Now, because some are no doubt already objecting in their minds about my use of “Anabaptist,” there is indeed one key difference between the false teachings of our new Anabaptists and the originals. The new ones are not total pacifists. Rather, the most common contention is that the state alone has a monopoly on violence. The government may slay (as Biermann, for example, explained in the aforementioned LCACA essay,) but ordinary citizens and Christians are forbidden from using force on behalf of themselves or one-another. This false teaching is comprised of two deceptions. The first is that Christ has given His people some kind of general prohibition against violence. The second is that God gave the sword only to the state. It is time to tear down both.
Thou Shalt Be Passive In the Face of Evil?
We will begin with the first of these: the assertion of some general prohibition on violence among Christians. “Thou shalt not murder” naturally precludes a great deal of violence. Murder, however, is not the same as killing. The Commandment only prohibits killing the innocent and killing the guilty without the proper authority. Likewise, when we understand the 5th Commandment to include all bodily harm, that same distinction remains. It can be entirely proper to harm evildoers when you have the authority to do so, and self-defense is certainly one of those circumstances (more on that later.) You can see that in the OT law itself (Exodus 22:2 for example.)
But modern Anabaptists will often use Jesus’ teachings in the NT to argue that Christians have been given an extra prohibition on violence that goes beyond the ordinary boundaries of the 5th Commandment. There are a few Bible verses used to justify this position. Some, such as “whoever takes the sword dies by the sword” and “love your enemies,” I’ve addressed elsewhere. Here, I will restrict myself to the verse that was used to justify passivity in the face of rape: “Do not resist the one who is evil.” from Christ’s Sermon on the Mount.
Our new Anabaptists love to take that statement from Christ as a moral absolute to forbid resistance even in the most extreme situations like rape or mass shootings. However, the fact that most of us still have two eyes and two hands shows that we already know better than to extract one sentence from the Sermon on the Mount and absolutize it. There is a textual reason for this that goes beyond mere practicality or cowardice.
The “You have heard it said… but I say…” sections of the Sermon are immediately preceded by Jesus’ statements affirming the Law in its entirety and that “unless your righteousness exceeds that of the scribes and Pharisees, you will never enter the Kingdom of Heaven.” Lutherans are often tempted to force this into a Law/Gospel paradigm and say that Jesus was holding up the Pharisees as the most outwardly moral people of the time in order to obliquely tell us that we need His righteousness because even our best good works are insufficient. That conclusion is certainly true, but I don’t believe it genuinely proceeds from this particular text. After all, Matthew already introduced us to the Pharisees earlier when John calls them a brood of vipers fleeing from the coming wrath–hardly to be understood as paragons of virtue. I think we ought to take Jesus’ statement at face value and understand that any true Christian actually needs to aim higher than Pharisaical hypocrisy.
What follows is Jesus orienting his hearers away from the false teachings and poor examples given by the scribes and Pharisees so that we may not become (or remain) like them. In doing so, He includes deliberately shocking statements to reorient our thinking away from that of the world. But in general, we don’t take any of them as moral absolutes.
Jesus starts, of course, by using the 5th and 6th Commandments to show us that the letter of the law is not the whole (with the required amputations added in to remind us of the awful price of sin.) We know this was a false teaching of the time because the exact same issue comes up in Matthew 19 when the rich young man thought he had kept all the Commandments from his youth. It’s not that hard to live without committing murder or adultery in the literal sense, but who has never wished that he could hurt someone who made him angry or lusted after a strange woman? Nevertheless, these too are real sins, and Jesus is correcting the record.
Then comes divorce, which is also addressed later in Matthew 19. There we learn that the Pharisees were perverting Deuteronomy 24’s requirement for a certificate into a license for their wicked practice of no-fault divorce. Once again, Jesus reminds us about the true scope (every faithful marriage) and stakes (adultery) of God’s design. But once again, Lutherans never took “whoever marries a divorced woman commits adultery” as a moral absolute. In The Power and Primacy of the Pope, for example, the Lutheran Confessions call it unjust that an innocent victim of divorce be forbidden from remarrying.
Next is the part about taking oaths. Though Jesus says “Do not take any oath at all,” Christians have historically still taken oaths in various contexts. Why? Because in Matthew 23, in the midst of Jesus’ woes against the Pharisees, He explains the legalistic jerrymandering the Pharisees used to explain why their oaths didn’t count. “Oh, I merely swore by the Temple instead of the gold of the temple, so I can break that one.” That’s what Jesus was addressing here, and Christians should have no part in such deceptions. But our “yes” can still remain yes and our “no” no when taking an oath for ceremonial purposes. The problem is with using oaths as an excuse to deceive.
It’s only natural, then, that we take the same approach to, “You have heard that it was said, ‘An eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth.’ But I say to you, do not resist the one who is evil.” Jesus was not wrong when He first gave the “Eye for an eye” standard to ancient Israel, and He’s not correcting Himself here. It’s quite easy, however, to understand how the standard could be used by men like the Pharisees to excuse personal retaliation. “Yes, I took vengeance on Josiah for insulting me at Malachi’s dinner party, but it was just ‘an eye for an eye.'”
That Jesus is addressing a legalism rather than overturning His own law should be clear from the fact that in all of Jesus’ examples of not resisting “the one who is evil,” it is by no means clear that the perpetrator is objectively wicked. The one who slaps you is delivering a personal insult. The Roman soldier who makes you carry his baggage for a mile and the neighbor who borrows from you are merely imposing on you. The one who sued you for your tunic at the very least had the law on his side. These are all personal slights, not manifest wickedness. And indeed, the Christian should not retaliate at all over personal slights, but should instead go above and beyond in loving even those neighbors against whom he may have a grudge.
It should therefore be plain to us that Jesus did not absolutely forbid resisting wickedness, nor is He forbidding Christians from participating in violence against the wicked according to our proper vocations. This is why almost every Christian tradition has always retained a place for violence. This place has its 5th Commandment boundaries, to be sure, but from the Old Testament through the New and into today, the sword has always been an option for faithful Christians.
Who Steward’s God’s Sword?
Now, let us turn our attention to the second false teaching: that the state has a monopoly on violence. As we know from Romans 13, God has given the sword to the state for the sake of punishing the wicked. Accordingly, unlike the old Anabaptists, our new ones generally agree that the executioner and the soldier do not necessarily break the 5th Commandment when carrying out their bloody work (despite sometimes making foolish attempts to make such work non-bloody.) They also generally agree that Christians can occupy roles like soldier or executioner without denying their faith or sinning against God. So far so good.
However, in recent years there has been a transition away from acknowledging that the state has the sword to a belief that only the state has the sword. Mere private citizens, we are sometimes told, are not morally permitted to use it under any circumstances–even if they are legally permitted by laws protecting self-defense. Biermann, for example, argued in LCACA that the government must explicitly put someone in a violent office before they can kill for any reason, and throws shade on the 2nd Amendment for empowering citizens to do so without an office.
Biblically speaking, however, the falsehood of this position is incredibly obvious. God bestowed the sword on man immediately after the Flood in Genesis 9. “For your lifeblood I will require a reckoning: from every beast I will require it and from man. From his fellow man I will require a reckoning for the life of man. Whoever sheds the blood of man, by man shall his blood be shed, for God made man in his own image.” But God did not deliver this command to anything we would today call a “state.” He very explicitly gave it to “Noah and his sons.” He gave it to patriarchs–to fathers.
It was only later that what we normally call governments emerged. Kings arose and were given authority over men and bore the sword for them. There is only one place these new governments could have received that sword: from the fathers to whom God originally gave it. When there are many fathers over many different households, it’s only natural that they would need to collaborate and delegate in order to live peacefully together.
This is precisely what the Lutheran Confessions say about the state as well. In the Large Catechism Luther writes:
In [the 4th Commandment] belongs a further statement about all kinds of obedience to persons in authority who have to command and to govern. For all authority flows and is born from the authority of parents. Where a father is unable alone to educate his rebellious and irritable child, he uses a schoolmaster to teach the child. If he is too weak, he gets the help of his friends and neighbors. If he departs this life, he delegates and confers his authority and government upon others who are appointed for the purpose… So all whom we call “masters” are in the place of parents and must get their power and authority to govern from them… From antiquity the Romans and other nations called the masters and mistresses of the household “housefathers” and “housemothers.” They called their national rulers and overlords “fathers of the entire country.” This is a great shame to us who would be Christians because we do not give them the same title or, at least, do not value and honor them as fathers.
So it is not the state which allows a man to defend himself and his family by putting him into some kind of government office. It is, in fact, the other way around. Fathers allow the state to use the sword by delegating their own authority to it. (And to be clear, this is not simply the current crop of fathers who do this, but our grandfathers and great-grandfathers as well, for the 4th Commandment moves upward through our family trees. That is why we cannot simply replace government on a whim, but must respect what our ancestors have provided, even when maintenance sometimes requires significant change.)
If fathers give the state permission to wield the sword on their behalf, then the state cannot hold a monopoly on it. Indeed, whatever the state may have to say about it, a father is still authorized by God to wield it within his own domain and on behalf of his own household. He does not do this on a whim, but responsibly for the sake of those entrusted to his care (including himself.) So if a husband finds a man raping his wife, he is well within his God-given authority to shoot that man dead. If a man tries to murder him on the street, he already has God’s authorization to violently defend himself. If his children are accosted, they may likewise take violent action to defend themselves because that’s precisely what any loving father would want them to do.
When the need is not immediate or when the evil is already over and done with, it makes sense for him to allow the state to handle matters on his behalf, for vigilantism has severe drawbacks. But where there is no state to restrain wickedness, the duty falls to him.
And it is not as though we are without Biblical examples of this. When Lot’s king was unable to protect him from being taken captive by an opposing army, Abraham took his household to war. He had no state appointment. Nevertheless, he slew many to rescue his kin and God greatly honored him for it. When men of the tribe of Benjamin committed an atrocity against an innocent woman and their government refused to hold them accountable, the ordinary men of Israel came together as one to nearly wipe them out, and God honored their collective decision. Elijah incited Israelites to slaughter hundreds of their false teachers in defiance of their state. Scripture portrays such events as Christian men acting in accordance with their faith. How dare we gainsay them and God?
Forgotten Hierarchy
Perhaps modern equality is to blame for our having forgotten what would have been obvious to our ancestors in the faith. As a people, we absolutely despise Biblical patriarchy. In films and television, most fathers are either weak buffoons led by their wives or wicked tyrants abusing their families. We’ve been trained to have a reflexive disgust when we hear things like “father knows best.” When Scripture tells us otherwise, we try to quiet it down or nuance it out of existence. Once we’re all interchangeable atoms with completely equal rights and natures, what office or authority could there be outside of the state?
To make matters worse, we’ve forgotten the purpose of government in the first place: to restrain wickedness with the sword. And this is not some abstract or generic wickedness, but actual evil as defined by the Law of God written in Scripture and upon the heart. Nevertheless, if someone today suggests that the government wield the sword on this basis, even conservative churchmen are aghast. For example, if one believes that sexual sin should merit the sword from the state, the LCMS considers him worthy of excommunication–despite Jesus Himself giving such civil laws to ancient Israel. By modern thinking, there can be no evil worthy of punishment outside of what the secular state tells us is such.
The result is a mindset in which the sword is encapsulated from beginning to end within civil laws and bureaucracies. An atomized individual has no place in such a process unless he is placed there. He can neither recognize wickedness nor act against it apart from the state. The state, meanwhile, cannot fulfill it’s God-given function. Instead of God’s avenger, it uses violence only to sustain itself. Over time, it becomes a terror to good conduct rather than evil and thereby ceases to be a government altogether.
The Church could endure such false beliefs and evil practices having taken hold in the world. God knows she has in the past. But our new anabaptists not only implicitly operate by such views, they actually make them worse by sprinkling a few misconstrued Bible verses to amplify them. They command men to abandon our God-given vocations and then dangle the Gospel as though it were some kind of compensation for being “good.”
As our society decays and its institutions along with it, many of us have found it necessary to do our own research. This is no less true for those of us subject to decaying church bodies. We need to return to Scripture, read carefully, and hold our teachers accountable to it, as Paul praised the Bereans for doing. When we need a sanity check, we ought to consult our ancestors in the faith who were not beholden to the peculiar errors of our time. And as always, we ought to pray all the more fervently that God would feed us with His Word and deliver us from the wolves.